Wednesday, September 27, 2023

HTML Styles — CSS

HTML Styles — CSS

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.

CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once.

What is CSS?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is a style sheet language which is used to describe the look and formatting of a document written in markup language. It provides an additional feature to HTML. It is generally used with HTML to change the style of web pages and user interfaces.

Using CSS

CSS can be added to HTML documents in 3 ways:

Inline — by using the style attribute inside HTML elements
Internal — by using a <style> element in the <head> section
External — by using a <link> element to link to an external CSS file

The most common way to add CSS, is to keep the styles in external CSS files. However, in this tutorial we will use inline and internal styles, because this is easier to demonstrate, and easier for you to try it yourself.

Inline CSS

An inline CSS is used to apply a unique style to a single HTML element.

An inline CSS uses the style attribute of an HTML element.

The following example sets the text color of the <h1> element to blue, and the text color of the <p> element to red:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <head>
        <title>This is my first webpage</title>
    </head>
    <body style="background-color:black">
        <!--inline-->

        <h1 style="color:white">This is my website</h1>

        <p style="color:white">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nesciunt corporis suscipit cupiditate iusto! Accusamus facilis similique repudiandae voluptatibus maxime molestiae nam doloremque. Perspiciatis accusamus neque cum. Id quia illo natus.</p>
        <p style="color:white">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur, adipisicing elit. Autem natus magnam excepturi beatae, repellendus facilis architecto sunt laboriosam nisi a eum nostrum dolor nemo omnis dolores, nobis animi quia? Culpa?</p>
        <p style="color:white">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Obcaecati tempore aliquam vel magni fuga pariatur vitae iste! Fugit modi explicabo veritatis nihil laborum autem, distinctio similique sed ut laboriosam dignissimos?</p>

     </body>
</html>

A new webpage opens with the black background and with the white text.

Let us talk about the Internal and External CSS in next story…

Tuesday, September 26, 2023

HTML HSL and HSLA Colors

HTML HSL and HSLA Colors

HSL stands for hue, saturation, and lightness.

HSLA color values are an extension of HSL with an Alpha channel (opacity).

HSL Color Values

In HTML, a color can be specified using hue, saturation, and lightness (HSL) in the form:

hsl(hue, saturation, lightness)

Hue is a degree on the color wheel from 0 to 360. 0 is red, 120 is green, and 240 is blue.

Saturation is a percentage value. 0% means a shade of gray, and 100% is the full color.

Lightness is also a percentage value. 0% is black, and 100% is white.

Experiment by mixing the HSL values below:

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 50%);">hsl(0, 100%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(240, 100%, 50%);">hsl(240, 100%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(147, 50%, 47%);">hsl(147, 50%, 47%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(300, 76%, 72%);">hsl(300, 76%, 72%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(39, 100%, 50%);">hsl(39, 100%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(248, 53%, 58%);">hsl(248, 53%, 58%)</h1>

</body>
</html>

A new web page opens as shown below:

Saturation

Saturation can be described as the intensity of a color.

100% is pure color, no shades of gray.

50% is 50% gray, but you can still see the color.

0% is completely gray; you can no longer see the color.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 50%);">hsl(0, 100%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 80%, 50%);">hsl(0, 80%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 60%, 50%);">hsl(0, 60%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 40%, 50%);">hsl(0, 40%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 20%, 50%);">hsl(0, 20%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 0%, 50%);">hsl(0, 0%, 50%)</h1>

<p>With HSL colors, less saturation mean less color. 0% is completely gray.</p>

</body>
</html>

A new web page opens as shown below:

Lightness

The lightness of a color can be described as how much light you want to give the color, where 0% means no light (black), 50% means 50% light (neither dark nor light), and 100% means full lightness (white).

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 0%);">hsl(0, 100%, 0%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 25%);">hsl(0, 100%, 25%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 50%);">hsl(0, 100%, 50%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 75%);">hsl(0, 100%, 75%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 90%);">hsl(0, 100%, 90%)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsl(0, 100%, 100%);">hsl(0, 100%, 100%)</h1>

<p>With HSL colors, 0% lightness means black, and 100 lightness means white.</p>

</body>
</html>

A new web page opens as shown below:

HSLA Color Values

HSLA color values are an extension of HSL color values, with an Alpha channel — which specifies the opacity for a color.

An HSLA color value is specified with:

hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, alpha)

The alpha parameter is a number between 0.0 (fully transparent) and 1.0 (not transparent at all):

Experiment by mixing the HSLA values below:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.2);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.2)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.4);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.4)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.6);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.6)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.8);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 0.8)</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 1);">hsla(9, 100%, 64%, 1)</h1>

</body>
</html>

A new web page opens as shown below:

Monday, September 25, 2023

HTML HEX Colors

HTML HEX Colors

A hexadecimal color is specified with: #RRGGBB, where the RR (red), GG (green) and BB (blue) hexadecimal integers specify the components of the color.

HEX Color Values

In this style, we define the color in 6 digit hexadecimal numbers (from 0 to F).

In HTML, a color can be specified using a hexadecimal value in the form:

#rrggbb

Where rr (red), gg (green) and bb (blue) are hexadecimal values between 00 and ff (same as decimal 0–255).

For example, #ff0000 is displayed as red, because red is set to its highest value (ff), and the other two (green and blue) are set to 00.

Another example, #00ff00 is displayed as green, because green is set to its highest value (ff), and the other two (red and blue) are set to 00.

To display black, set all color parameters to 00, like this: #000000.

To display white, set all color parameters to ff, like this: #ffffff.

Experiment by mixing the HEX values below:

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1 style="background-color:#ff0000;">#ff0000</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#0000ff;">#0000ff</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#3cb371;">#3cb371</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#ee82ee;">#ee82ee</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#ffa500;">#ffa500</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#6a5acd;">#6a5acd</h1>

</body>
</html>

A new webpage opens as shown below with different hex values:

Shades of Gray

Shades of gray are often defined using equal values for all three parameters:

Example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1 style="background-color:#404040;">#404040</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#686868;">#686868</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#a0a0a0;">#a0a0a0</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#bebebe;">#bebebe</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#dcdcdc;">#dcdcdc</h1>
<h1 style="background-color:#f8f8f8;">#f8f8f8</h1>

</body>
</html>

A new webpage opens as shown below with different hex values of gray:

Bhavitha Cherukuri

Wednesday, September 27, 2023

HTML Styles — CSS

What is CSS?

Using CSS

Inline CSS

Example

Tuesday, September 26, 2023

HTML HSL and HSLA Colors

HSL Color Values

Example:

Saturation

Lightness

Example

HSLA Color Values

Monday, September 25, 2023

HTML HEX Colors

HEX Color Values

Example:

Shades of Gray

Example:

Building Static Website(part6) HTML Lists

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